{"id":5917,"date":"2016-03-04T13:08:35","date_gmt":"2016-03-04T07:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5917"},"modified":"2026-07-17T21:55:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T16:25:32","slug":"caa-nrc-protests-mirza-ghalib-poetry-independence-mughals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/?p=5917","title":{"rendered":"Why the Poet Mirza Ghalib is the Most Honest Metaphor for an India Divided Over CAA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<span class=\"dropcap\">\u201cC<\/span>howk jisko kahein, woh maqtal hai, aaj ghar bana hai namoona zindaan ka\u201d\u00a0\n(The road crossings have turned into guillotines, each house has become a replica of prison)\n\n\u2013 Mirza Ghalib.\u00a0\n\nThe mention of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/doodle\/theres-ghalib-verse-every-situation\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghalib<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conjures up an image of a soft-spoken and well-liked \u2013 if slightly frivolous \u2013 Urdu poet who has written some of the world\u2019s most revered couplets about love, heartbreak, and despair. The poet extraordinaire was known for his love for experimentation and had a penchant for delving into new styles of expression.\n\nBorn in Agra, at a time when the British were strengthening their hold over North India, Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib moved to Delhi when he was 13 years old and in time became the court poet of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal king of Delhi, a title he enjoyed until 1857. As the rebellion of 1857 broke out, Ghalib found himself caught between the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/humour\/india-mughals-rulers-ssc-hsc-maharashtra-board-jodha-akbar\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mughals<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the British, the former quickly losing power and the latter gaining every bit of it.\n\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1577435508.jpg\" alt=\"CAA_Protests\" width=\"594\" height=\"397\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-57660\" \/>\n<figcaption>\n<p>Demonstrators protest with posters and banners against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and National Register of Citizens (NRC) at Jantar Mantar on December 19, 2019 in New Delhi, India.<\/p>\n<p>Photo by Sanchit Khanna\/Hindustan Times via Getty Image<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\nThe rebellion of 1857, which began as a revolt of sepoys of the East India Company\u2019s army against its British officers, has gone down in history as North India\u2019s first war of independence. Although ultimately unsuccessful, the revolt is an important milestone in India\u2019s struggle for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/humour\/independence-day-august-15-jingoism-patriotism\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Independence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As someone who was stationed in Delhi, the epicenter of all activity, during these turbulent times, Ghalib astutely observed the ongoing events. While it hardly ever, if at all, reflected in his mainstream poetry, he recorded the events in his Persian diary, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dastambu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (bouquet) as well as many letters he penned in a personal capacity. This is because Ghalib, a smart and pragmatic man, knew that he was now dependent on the British for his income and subsequent pension, which meant that he couldn\u2019t risk offending the new masters of Hindustan. However, the writer in him, a true Indian and arguably a patriot, couldn\u2019t let things go unrecorded.\n\nIn this dichotomy, Ghalib has managed to emerge as perhaps the most honest metaphor of a politically changing India. Today, 222 years after the birth of the poet and 162 years after the first Indian revolt against the British, the country seems to be caught in an eerily similar situation as protests against the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/social-commentary\/caa-jamia-milia-protests-amu-jnu-student-protests\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citizenship Amendment Act<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/social-commentary\/nrc-citizenship-bill-assam\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Registry of Citizens<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mount across the length and breadth of the country. Once again, loyalties are divided; one section is with the establishment and another is on the streets, protesting against it. Once again, the anti-establishment voices are fiercer and louder. In more ways than one, the past that Ghalib recorded, is being echoed in the current political agonies.\n\nBy his own admission, Ghalib was a \u201cnamak-khwar-e-sarkar angrez\u201d (a servant of the British government) and the fact that he continued to live in Delhi when the British had driven out almost the entire <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/social-commentary\/india-muslim-community-not-in-my-name-protests-lynching-quran\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muslim<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> population after suppressing the revolt speaks volumes. In a way, it also allowed him to witness everything and offer a firsthand record of what went on in the streets of his beloved city as a reference point for the future generations. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dastambu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and his letters recorded the pain and sorrow he felt at the mayhem being unleashed, but he was conscious of not being acutely political, lest it offend the British. On the surface, it might seem like Ghalib\u2019s attitude toward the rebelling Indians wasn\u2019t sympathetic but a thorough reading of his work, particularly his letters, shows that he had a soft spot for his countrymen. It is interesting to note that in today\u2019s times, he would be labelled a \u201cfence-sitter,\u201d quickly earning ire from all sides.\n\n<blockquote class=\"quote--center\"><p>While Ghalib\u2019s writings only chronicled the time he was living in, his words have managed to transcend time and find relevance even today.<\/p><\/blockquote> \n\nWhile Ghalib\u2019s writings only chronicled the time he was living in, his words have managed to transcend time and find relevance even today. The India and Delhi of Ghalib was a metaphor of change and growth, the end of an era and the beginning of a new one. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arre.co.in\/social-commentary\/social-media-cab-protests-nrc-assam\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rebellion of 1857<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was brutally suppressed and in its aftermath, the British took it upon themselves to ensure such an act is never repeated. However, the brutalities only brought Indians closer and paved the way for future, more successful rebellions. In the aftermath of the revolt, Ghalib couldn\u2019t help but chronicle what was happening as he wrote:\n\n\u201cLikhte rahey junoon kee hikaayat-e-khoon chakaan\nHarchand iss main haath hamaare qalam hue\u201d\n(We kept writing the blood drenched narratives of that madness\nAlthough our hands were chopped off in the process)\n\nAs we witness a similar uprising in India today, one that has gone beyond Delhi and is steadily becoming global, we see similar patterns too. Some of us are like Ghalib, trying to balance things and be politically correct, while some others are diving headfirst into the struggle and paving the way for a new order. In these times, going back to Ghalib\u2019s record of the aftermath of a revolt might just be the direction we\u2019re looking for.\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While India\u2019s early struggle for Independence hardly ever, if at all, reflected in Mirza Ghalib\u2019s mainstream poetry, he recorded the events in his Persian diary Dastambu (bouquet) and the letters he wrote. He was dependent on the British for his income, but at the same time he was sympathetic toward his countrymen. In today\u2019s times, he would be labelled a fence-sitter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":5920,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[9841,9788,9835,6155,9842,3155,9755,6196,9843],"class_list":["post-5917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-people","tag-bahadur-shah-zafar","tag-caa","tag-caa_nrc_protests","tag-independence","tag-mirza-ghalib","tag-mughals","tag-nrc","tag-poetry","tag-rebellion-of-1857"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why the Poet Mirza Ghalib is the Most Honest Metaphor for an India Divided Over CAA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While India\u2019s early struggle for Independence hardly ever, if at all, reflected in Mirza Ghalib\u2019s mainstream poetry, he recorded the events in his Persian diary Dastambu (bouquet) and the letters he wrote. 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