{"id":5528,"date":"2016-06-04T02:10:58","date_gmt":"2016-06-03T20:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528"},"modified":"2026-07-17T21:42:23","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T16:12:23","slug":"looking-raavan-in-a-more-forgiving-light-gives-india-hope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/?p=5528","title":{"rendered":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B<\/span><\/p><\/div>

\nack in the 1980s, few television series brought things to a standstill the way Ramanand Sagar\u2019s<\/span> Ramayan <\/span><\/i>did. With the joint family system far more prevalent then, Sunday mornings would see everyone from grandparents to children congregate in front of the TV to watch it. For many of us \u201980s kids, especially convent-educated <\/span>Mumbaikars<\/span><\/a>, this was possibly our first introduction to mythology. Even though we intimately knew William Shakespeare\u2019s works, we remained unaware of the work of Tulsidas, also a 16th century poet. But it wasn\u2019t very difficult to tell that our society idolised Ram and demanded Ram-like obedience and dutifulness from children (especially elder sons), public figures, and politicians alike.<\/span>\n\nThree decades later, the reverberations of <\/span>Ramayan<\/span><\/i> have curious developments. On one hand, Ram\u2019s temple seems to have become more sacrosanct than the virtues he stood for, and his name, once used for greetings like \u201cJai Ram ji ki\u201d or in devotional songs like \u201cJai Siya Ram,\u201d has turned into a war cry of \u201cJai Shri Ram\u201d, used to <\/span>disrupt<\/span><\/a> the Parliament and often chanted by <\/span>lynch mobs<\/span><\/a>. On the other hand, lies the trend of reinterpreting Raavan \u2013 the villain of <\/span>Ramayan<\/span><\/i>, whose effigy is burnt to symbolise the victory of good over evil every Dussehra \u2013 that strives to go beyond the simplistic black-and-white narrative of the past.<\/span>\n\nIn 2010, Mani Ratnam made <\/span>Raavan<\/span><\/i>, a modern-day narration of the epic, told from the perspective of its antagonist. The film starred Vikram (Dev, the good cop), Abhishek Bachchan (Beera, the villain), and <\/span>Aishwarya Bachchan<\/span><\/a> (Ragini, Dev\u2019s loving wife) and culminated in a thrilling end that saw Beera winning Ragini\u2019s heart. Ragini sympathises with Beera when she learns that his actions, including abducting her, were led by his desire to avenge his sister\u2019s rape at the hand of cops, in the same way Raavan abducted Sita to avenge his sister Suparnakha\u2019s humiliation. Irrespective of the film\u2019s eventual fate, Ratnam managed something crucial with <\/span>Raavan<\/span><\/i>: He offered an alternate standpoint of a widely discussed and dissected epic that touched on the complexities of justice, class, privilege, and how these intersect with our notions of sympathy. More importantly, he attempted to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nA year after the film, two comics released \u2013 <\/span>Ravana: Roar of the Demon King <\/span><\/i>by Abhimanyu Singh Sisodia and Sachin Nagar, and <\/span>Ravanayan<\/span><\/i> by Vivek Goel and Vijayendra Mohanty. Both reimagined Raavan as a central protagonist, further humanising the king of Lanka. But it was really Anand Neelakantan\u2019s<\/span> Asura: Tale of the Vanquished <\/span><\/i>that turned the <\/span>Ramayan\u2019s<\/span><\/i> classic version on its head, making readers question their past perceptions. In this 2012 book that delves into Raavan\u2019s origins, Asuras are a liberal community while the Deva clan is orthodox. In this retelling, Sita is Raavan\u2019s daughter.<\/span>\n\n\"Raavan\"\n

\n

In 2010, Mani Ratnam made Raavan<\/em>, a modern-day narration of the epic, told from the perspective of its antagonist.<\/p>\n

Madras Talkies<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\nNew plays (<\/span>Raavan Ki Ramayan<\/span><\/i>), books (Indrayani Sawkar\u2019s <\/span>Ravanayana<\/span><\/i>), and shows (<\/span>Sankatmochan Mahabali Hanuman, Devon ke Dev\u2026 Mahadev, Siya Ke Ram<\/span><\/i>) also delve into interesting traits of Raavan\u2019s personality rather than regurgitating him as a mindless villain. In fact, <\/span>Devdutt Pattanaik<\/span><\/a>\u2019s<\/span> Ravana: A Worthy Opponent, <\/span><\/i>which emphasises that there is no Ram without Raavan, suggests that Raavan is the key to understanding the <\/span>Ramayan<\/span><\/i>. Early this year, we\u2019ve seen another Raavan bestseller \u2013 Amish Tripathi\u2019s <\/span>Raavan: Enemy of Aryavarta<\/span><\/i>.<\/span>\n\nBut looking at Raavan\u2019s perspective is not necessarily a new trend, engineered by a culturally progressive climate. In southern India, Himachal Pradesh, Kanpur, and parts of <\/span>Maharashtra<\/span><\/a>, Raavan has long been worshipped for his scholarship and devotion to Shiva. According to Tripathi, it is the ritual of burning Raavan\u2019s effigy (probably 100 to 150 years old), which is the new phenomenon, in comparison.<\/span>\n\nThe mainstreaming of Raavan as a misunderstood protagonist then, falls in line with the ancient Indian tradition of offering counter narratives and discerning existing narratives with nuance. \u201cWhen it\u2019s your own king, you explore ideas freely. That\u2019s why Sanskrit has so many versions of <\/span>Ramayan<\/span><\/a>\u2026 But once you\u2019re a defeated society, you become conservative,\u201d Neelakantan tells me. The long line of invasions, Tripathi and he believe, have undeniably played an integral role in enforcing this conservatism,<\/span> and counter narratives survived wherever regional languages continued to hold sway. <\/span>Asura<\/span><\/i> for instance, is based on folktales of Raavan that were told through<\/span> kathakali<\/span> and yakshaganas<\/span> that Neelakantan grew up with.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nLikewise, he observes, our epics make a comeback whenever a medium matures. For example, soon after independence in 1951, Acharya Chatursen writes <\/span>Vayam Rakshamah <\/span><\/i>that portrays Ravan\u2019s personality as superior to Ram\u2019s and credits him with devising Rakshasanskriti, a new cultural system to unite the North and South. If the bulk of retelling Ramayana is happening in English today, he believes it\u2019s because Indian-English has come of age.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n

The mainstreaming of Raavan as a misunderstood protagonist then, falls in line with the ancient Indian tradition of offering counter narratives and discerning existing narratives with nuance.<\/p><\/blockquote> \n\nThere is a conversation in Neelkantan\u2019s book <\/span>Asura<\/span><\/i> that holds more clues about the reason behind Raavan\u2019s renewed relevance today. In it, Raavan explains to Mahabali that his ten heads represent ten different emotions \u2013 jealousy, anger, discontentment, ambition, among others. He then goes on to unapologetically admit that he doesn\u2019t want to change them because they make him human. Essentially, Raavan uses these traits for power and growth. Neelakantan\u2019s point is that most rulers of yore, whether it is Ashoka or Akbar, and most business tycoons in the present day, exhibit similar traits. If Ram is the obedient and dutiful, ideal man, the author views Raavan as a practical and proactive man, willing to take independent decisions, enjoy its fruits as well as bear the consequences.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nIn today\u2019s India, where capitalism, instant gratification, and erosion of secularism are flavours of the season, it\u2019s understandable why Ram\u2019s idealism doesn\u2019t fascinate as much. \u201cThis idea of one book, one God, one way of worship is very semitic. It\u2019s not <\/span>Hinduism<\/span><\/a>,\u201d claims Neelakantan. He is not off-mark. As events of the last year have shown us \u2013 men being heckled and asked to chant \u201c<\/span>Jai Shri Ram<\/span><\/a>\u201d \u2013 this only breeds violence.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nTripathi\u2019s leaves us with an interesting thought when it comes to an eye for an eye mindset.<\/span> \u201cLord Ram, Raavan, and <\/span>Sita<\/span><\/a> all suffered throughout their lives. What varied were their reactions. While Ram became nobler with every suffering, Ravan grew angrier. No one can be saved from suffering, and anger can be justified, but ultimately it\u2019s for you to decide what to do and who suffers most from anger held within.\u201d\u00a0<\/span>\n\nThat said, he warns us against idolising a character just for being an antagonist \u2013 \u201cit\u2019s the same as unquestioning hero worship\u201d and instead proposes the ancient Indian thinking that \u201cthere\u2019s something to learn from everyone.\u201d<\/span>\n\nMaybe then in an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our willingness to acknowledge a different point of view, then is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.\u00a0<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":369,"featured_media":5531,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3452],"tags":[9406,9407,9408,9409,8542,9410,9411,9306,4276,9412,9413,9414,9415,9416],"class_list":["post-5528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-abhimanyu-singh-sisodia","tag-anand-neelakantan","tag-asura-tale-of-the-vanquished","tag-devdutt-pattanaik","tag-jai-shri-ram","tag-mani-ratnam","tag-mob-lynching","tag-mumbaikars","tag-mythology","tag-raavan","tag-raavan-ki-ramayan","tag-ravana-a-worthy-opponent","tag-ravana-roar-of-the-demon-king","tag-sachin-nagar"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Arr\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1520\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"850\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Pooja Bhula\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Pooja Bhula\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Pooja Bhula\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e\"},\"headline\":\"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528\"},\"wordCount\":1228,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.207.105.184\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/1570522594.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Abhimanyu Singh Sisodia\",\"Anand Neelakantan\",\"Asura: Tale of the Vanquished\",\"Devdutt Pattanaik\",\"jai shri ram\",\"Mani Ratnam\",\"mob lynching\",\"Mumbaikars\",\"Mythology\",\"Raavan\",\"Raavan Ki Ramayan\",\"Ravana: A Worthy Opponent\",\"Ravana: Roar of the Demon King\",\"Sachin Nagar\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528\",\"name\":\"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.207.105.184\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/1570522594.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e\"},\"description\":\"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.207.105.184\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/1570522594.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.207.105.184\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/1570522594.jpg\",\"width\":1520,\"height\":850},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?p=5528#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/\",\"name\":\"Arr\u00e9\",\"description\":\"In every person lies a creator and in every creator, an enterprise.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.201.39.237\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e\",\"name\":\"Pooja Bhula\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Pooja Bhula\"},\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/13.207.105.184\\\/?author=369\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope","description":"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope","og_description":"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.","og_url":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528","og_site_name":"Arr\u00e9","article_published_time":"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1520,"height":850,"url":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Pooja Bhula","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope","twitter_description":"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Pooja Bhula","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528"},"author":{"name":"Pooja Bhula","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/#\/schema\/person\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e"},"headline":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope","datePublished":"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528"},"wordCount":1228,"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","keywords":["Abhimanyu Singh Sisodia","Anand Neelakantan","Asura: Tale of the Vanquished","Devdutt Pattanaik","jai shri ram","Mani Ratnam","mob lynching","Mumbaikars","Mythology","Raavan","Raavan Ki Ramayan","Ravana: A Worthy Opponent","Ravana: Roar of the Demon King","Sachin Nagar"],"articleSection":["Culture"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528","url":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528","name":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","datePublished":"2016-06-03T20:40:58+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-17T16:12:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/#\/schema\/person\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e"},"description":"In an India divided over Ram, our willingness to not other Raavan, can serve as a unifier. Our inclination to acknowledge a different point of view \u2013 to break the idea of Raavan as a stock evil cardboard villain \u2013 is an example of the part of India that is still open to ideas. Raavan gives us that hope.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","width":1520,"height":850},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?p=5528#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Why Looking at Raavan in a More Forgiving Light Gives India Some Hope"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/#website","url":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/","name":"Arr\u00e9","description":"In every person lies a creator and in every creator, an enterprise.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/13.201.39.237\/#\/schema\/person\/f2f437f54827fbd862b14417d404ce5e","name":"Pooja Bhula","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/be41b8a121732777622838be4c108d02adfea6c3b24678eb36ca143159e37bb1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Pooja Bhula"},"url":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/?author=369"}]}},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/1570522594.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5528","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5528"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5528\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5530,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5528\/revisions\/5530"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/13.207.105.184\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}